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Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2002) - Antigua and Barbuda (2004)

Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2002) z Antigua and Barbuda (2004)

 Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2002)Antigua and Barbuda (2004)
 Ashmore and Cartier IslandsAntigua and Barbuda
Administrative divisions - 6 parishes and 2 dependencies*; Barbuda*, Redonda*, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mary, Saint Paul, Saint Peter, Saint Philip
Age structure - 0-14 years: 28.1% (male 9,761; female 9,429)


15-64 years: 67.6% (male 23,179; female 23,023)


65 years and over: 4.3% (male 1,151; female 1,777) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products - cotton, fruits, vegetables, bananas, coconuts, cucumbers, mangoes, sugarcane; livestock
Airports - 3 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area total: 5 sq km


land: 5 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island		 total: 443 sq km (Antigua 280 sq km; Barbuda 161 sq km)


land: 443 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes Redonda, 1.6 sq km
Area - comparative about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983 it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, is now a marine reserve. The Siboney were the first to inhabit the islands of Antigua and Barbuda in 2400 B.C., but Arawak and Carib Indians populated the islands when Columbus landed on his second voyage in 1493. Early settlements by the Spanish and French were succeeded by the English who formed a colony in 1667. Slavery, established to run the sugar plantations on Antigua, was abolished in 1834. The islands became an independent state within the British Commonwealth of Nations in 1981.
Birth rate - 17.7 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget - revenues: $123.7 million


expenditures: $145.9 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2000 est.)
Capital - Saint John's (Antigua)
Climate tropical tropical; little seasonal temperature variation
Coastline 74.1 km 153 km
Constitution - 1 November 1981
Country name conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands


conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands		 conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Antigua and Barbuda
Currency - East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Death rate - 5.55 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external - $231 million (1999)
Dependency status territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territory of Australia) the US does not have an embassy in Antigua and Barbuda (embassy closed 30 June 1994); the US Ambassador to Barbados, Ambassador Mary E. KRAMER, is accredited to Antigua and Barbuda
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territory of Australia) chief of mission: Ambassador Lionel A. HURST


chancery: 3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016


telephone: [1] (202) 362-5122


FAX: [1] (202) 362-5225


consulate(s) general: Miami
Disputes - international - none
Economic aid - recipient - $2.3 million (1995)
Economy - overview no economic activity Tourism continues to dominate the economy, accounting for more than half of GDP. Weak tourist arrival numbers since early 2000 have slowed the economy, however, and pressed the government into a tight fiscal corner. The dual-island nation's agricultural production is focused on the domestic market and constrained by a limited water supply and a labor shortage stemming from the lure of higher wages in tourism and construction. Manufacturing comprises enclave-type assembly for export with major products being bedding, handicrafts, and electronic components. Prospects for economic growth in the medium term will continue to depend on income growth in the industrialized world, especially in the US, which accounts for slightly more than one-third of tourist arrivals.
Electricity - consumption - 97.89 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production - 105.3 million kWh (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location 3 m		 lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m


highest point: Boggy Peak 402 m
Environment - current issues NA water management - a major concern because of limited natural fresh water resources - is further hampered by the clearing of trees to increase crop production, causing rainfall to run off quickly
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups - black, British, Portuguese, Lebanese, Syrian
Exchange rates - East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7 (2003), 2.7 (2002), 2.7 (2001), 2.7 (2000), 2.7 (1999), 2.7 (1998) (fixed rate since 1976)
Executive branch - chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General James B. CARLISLE (since 10 June 1993)


head of government: Prime Minister Baldwin SPENCER (since 24 March 2004)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general chosen by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general
Exports - NA (2001)
Exports - commodities - petroleum products 48%, manufactures 23%, machinery and transport equipment 17%, food and live animals 4%, other 8%
Exports - partners - Germany 84.9%, UK 3.8%, US 3.3% (2003)
Fiscal year - 1 April - 31 March
Flag description the flag of Australia is used red, with an inverted isosceles triangle based on the top edge of the flag; the triangle contains three horizontal bands of black (top), light blue, and white, with a yellow rising sun in the black band
GDP - purchasing power parity - $750 million (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: 3.9%


industry: 19.2%


services: 76.8% (2002)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $11,000 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 3% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates 12 14 S, 123 05 E 17 03 N, 61 48 W
Geography - note Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983 Antigua has a deeply indented shoreline with many natural harbors and beaches; Barbuda has a very large western harbor
Highways - total: 250 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
Illicit drugs - considered a minor transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe; more significant as an offshore financial center
Imports - NA (2001)
Imports - commodities - food and live animals, machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, oil
Imports - partners - US 26.5%, Singapore 10%, Poland 7%, Germany 6.1%, UK 6.1%, Trinidad and Tobago 4.4% (2003)
Independence - 1 November 1981 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate - 6% (1997 est.)
Industries - tourism, construction, light manufacturing (clothing, alcohol, household appliances)
Infant mortality rate - total: 20.18 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 24.29 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 15.87 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 0.4% (2000 est.)
International organization participation - ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Irrigated land 0 sq km (1998 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch - Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the Court of Summary Jurisdiction)
Labor force - 30,000
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture 7%, industry 11%, services 82% (1983)
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (all grass and sand) (1998 est.)		 arable land: 18.18%


permanent crops: 4.55%


other: 77.27% (2001)
Languages - English (official), local dialects
Legal system the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply based on English common law
Legislative branch - bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (17-member body appointed by the governor general) and the House of Representatives (17 seats; members are elected by proportional representation to serve five-year terms)


elections: House of Representatives - last held 23 March 2004 (next to be held NA 2009)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ALP 4, UPP 12, contested 1; note - new election will decide the contested seat
Life expectancy at birth - total population: 71.6 years


male: 69.26 years


female: 74.07 years (2004 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 15 and over has completed five or more years of schooling


total population: 89%


male: 90%


female: 88% (1960 est.)
Location Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Australia Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east-southeast of Puerto Rico
Map references Southeast Asia Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims contiguous zone: 12 NM


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation


exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM		 territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Merchant marine - total: 867 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 5,873,626 GRT/7,683,143 DWT


by type: bulk 25, cargo 477, chemical tanker 13, container 284, liquefied gas 10, multi-functional large load carrier 15, refrigerated cargo 10, roll on/roll off 32, vehicle carrier 1


foreign-owned: Australia 1, Bahamas 1, Bangladesh 2, Belgium 3, Colombia 1, Cuba 1, Cyprus 1, Estonia 3, France 1, Germany 818, Greece 2, Iceland 5, Latvia 1, Lebanon 1, Lithuania 2, Malaysia 1, Netherlands 19, New Zealand 1, Norway 2, Portugal 1, Slovenia 5, Sweden 2, Switzerland 5, Turkey 3, United States 10


registered in other countries: 2 (2004 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force -
Military branches - Royal Antigua and Barbuda Defense Force (including Coast Guard)
Military expenditures - dollar figure - NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - NA
National holiday - Independence Day (National Day), 1 November (1981)
Nationality - noun: Antiguan(s), Barbudan(s)


adjective: Antiguan, Barbudan
Natural hazards surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October); periodic droughts
Natural resources fish NEGL; pleasant climate fosters tourism
Net migration rate - -6.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
People - note the landing of illegal immigrants from Indonesia's Rote Island has become an ongoing problem -
Political parties and leaders - Antigua Labor Party or ALP [Lester Bryant BIRD]; Barbuda People's Movement or BPM [Thomas H. FRANK]; United Progressive Party or UPP [Baldwin SPENCER] (a coalition of three opposition parties - United National Democratic Party or UNDP, Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement or ACLM, and Progressive Labor Movement or PLM)
Political pressure groups and leaders - Antigua Trades and Labor Union or ATLU [William ROBINSON]; People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Hugh MARSHALL]
Population no indigenous inhabitants


note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh waster at Ashmore Reef's West Island		 68,320 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA
Population growth rate - 0.6% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors none; offshore anchorage only Saint John's
Radio broadcast stations - AM 4, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions - Christian, (predominantly Anglican with other Protestant, and some Roman Catholic)
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/female


total population: 1 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment: NA


domestic: good automatic telephone system


international: country code - 1-268; 1 coaxial submarine cable; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Saba (Netherlands Antilles) and Guadeloupe
Telephones - main lines in use - 38,000 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 38,200 (2002)
Television broadcast stations - 2 (1997)
Terrain low with sand and coral mostly low-lying limestone and coral islands, with some higher volcanic areas
Total fertility rate - 2.27 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate - 11% (2001 est.)
Waterways none -
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